Law Enforcement Caselaw and Statutes: Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing Involuntary jerking of the eyes, occurring as the eyes gaze to the side Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

Involuntary jerking of the eyes, occurring

as the eyes gaze to the side

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

Review

15-3

A. Review of Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

Involuntary jerking of the eyes, occurring as the eyes gaze to the side.

The subject is generally unaware of the nystagmus.

Nystagmus is caused by alcohol and/or other drugs and some medical conditions.

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

• Lack of smooth pursuit

• Distinct and sustained nystagmus at

maximum deviation

• Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees

Three Clues of

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

15-4

Three specific clues of Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus.

Look for these clues in each eye:

• Lack of smooth pursuit

• Distinct and sustained nystagmus at maximum deviation

• Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 3 of 15

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

Lack of smooth pursuit

Clue Number 1

15-5

Clue No. 1: Lack of Smooth Pursuit

Position stimulus approximately 12 - 15 inches (30 - 38 cm) in front of subject's nose,

slightly above eye level.

Start with the left eye.

Move the stimulus smoothly all the way to the right side (checking subject's left eye)

then all the way to the left side (across subject's nose) to the left side (checking

subject's right eye).

Make at least two complete passes.

Observe eyes for signs of nystagmus as they move side to side.

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

Distinct and sustained nystagmus

at maximum deviation

Clue Number 2

15-6

Clue No. 2: Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at Maximum Deviation

Move the stimulus to the right until the subject's left eye reaches maximum deviation.

Verify that no white is showing in the corner of the eye.

Hold the stimulus steady for a minimum of four seconds, and watch for distinct and

sustained nystagmus.

Repeat for right eye.

Check each eye twice for each clue.

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 4 of 15

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees.

Clue Number 3

15-7

Clue No. 3: Onset of Nystagmus prior to 45 Degrees

Position stimulus approximately 12 - 15 inches (30 - 38 cm) in front of subject's nose,

slightly above eye level.

Begin to make a slow pass in front of the left eye.

When you see nystagmus, stop the stimulus.

Hold the stimulus steady and verify that the nystagmus continues.

Verify that there is still some white showing in the corner of the eye.

Check the alignment of the object with the subject's shoulder.

Repeat for right eye

Check each eye twice for each clue.

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 5 of 15

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

• Eyeglasses

• Verbal instructions

• Feet together, hands at sides

• Head still

• Look at stimulus

• Follow movement with eyes

• Position stimulus(12-15 inches)(30-38 cm)

• Pupil size and resting nystagmus

• Equal tracking

Administrative Procedures

15-8

Nystagmus Administrative Procedures

Step 1: Check for Eyeglasses.

Step 2: Verbal Instructions.

• Feet together, hands at sides

• Head still

• Look at stimulus

• Follow movement with eyes

Step 3: Positioning the Stimulus.

Step 4: Pupil Size and Resting Nystagmus.

Step 5: Check for Equal Tracking.

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

• Check for Lack of Smooth Pursuit

• Check for distinct and sustained

nystagmus at maximum deviation

• Check for onset of nystagmus prior to 45

degrees

• Total the clues

• Check for Vertical Gaze Nystagmus

Administrative Procedures (Cont.)

15-9

Step 6: Check for Lack of Smooth Pursuit.

Step 7: Check for Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at Maximum Deviation.

Step 8: Check for Onset of Nystagmus Prior to 45 Degrees.

Step 9: Total the clues.

Step 10: Check for Vertical Gaze Nystagmus.

Check each eye independently beginning with the subject’s left and compare.

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 6 of 15

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

4 or more clues indicates BAC

above 0.08 (88% accurate).

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

Test Criterion

15-10

Test Interpretation

Maximum possible number of clues is 6.

Test criterion is 4 or more.

Test is 88% accurate.

Based on the San Diego validation study.

Participant Led Demonstration

Test Administration

Verbal Instructions

Initial positioning of stimulus.

Check for each clue.

Estimate a 45 degree angle.

Critique

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 7 of 15

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

Divided Attention

Mental Task and Physical Task

• Instructions stage

• Walking stage

Walk and Turn

15-11

B. Review Walk and Turn

Two Stage Test

• Instructions stage.

• Walking stage.

Instructions Stage Positioning

Place your right foot on the line ahead of the left foot, with the heel of your right foot

against the toe of the left foot, keeping the arms at the sides.

Maintain this position until I have completed the instructions. Do not start to walk until

told to do so.

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

• Verbal instructions:

• Assume heel toe stance

• Arms down at sides

• Don’t start until told

• 9 heel to toe steps turn, 9 heel to toe steps

• Turn procedures:

• Turn around on line

• Several small steps

Administrative Procedures

15-12

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

• While walking:

• Keep watching feet

• Arms down at sides

• Count steps out loud

• Don’t stop during walk

Administrative Procedures (Cont.)

15-13

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Notes:__________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 8 of 15

Walk and Turn Administrative Procedures

Initial verbal instructions (instructions stage).

Basic test requirements (nine steps, turn, nine steps).

Specific turn procedures (front foot on line, series of small steps with other foot).

Final verbal instructions.

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

• Cannot keep balance (feet break away

from the heel to toe stance)

• Starts too soon (subject starts walking

before told to do so)

• Stops while walking

• Does not touch heel to toe

Walk and Turn Test Clues

15-14

There are eight possible clues for the Walk and Turn test:

• Cannot keep balance

• Starts too soon

• Stops while walking

• Does not touch heel to toe

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

• Steps off line

• Uses arms to balance

• Improper turn

• Incorrect number of steps

Walk and Turn Test Clues (Cont.)

15-15

• Steps off line

• Uses arms to balance

• Improper turn

• Incorrect number of steps

Notes:________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 9 of 15

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

2 or more clues indicates BAC

above 0.08 (79% accurate).

Walk and Turn Test Criterion

15-16

Test Interpretation

Eight specific clues of impairment.

Test criterion is 2 or more.

Test is 79% accurate.

Based on the San Diego validation study.

Participant Led Demonstration

Test Administration

Critique

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

Divided Attention Test

Mental Task and Physical Task

• Instructions stage

• Balance and counting stage

One Leg Stand

15-17

C. Review of One Leg Stand

Two Stage Test

Instructions stage.

Balance and Counting stage.

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 10 of 15

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

Instructions stage:

• Stand straight, feet together

• Keep arms at sides

• Maintain position until told otherwise

Administrative Procedures

15-18

Stand with your feet together with your arms down at your sides.

Hold position until told to begin.

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

Balance and counting stage:

• Raise either leg

• Keep raised foot approximately six

inches (15 cm) off ground, foot parallel to

the ground

• Keep both legs straight and arms at your

side

• Keep eyes on raised foot

• Count out loud in the following manner:

“One thousand one, one thousand two,

one thousand three and so on”, until told

to stop

Administrative Procedures (Cont.)

15-19

Simple verbal instructions:

When I tell you to start, raise either leg with the foot approximately six inches off the

ground, keeping your raised foot parallel to the ground.

Keep both legs straight and your arms at your side.

Keep both legs straight and to look at elevated foot.

Count out loud in the following manner: “one thousand one, one thousand two, one

thousand three,” and so on until told to stop.

Simple physical demonstrations:

Demonstrate One Leg Stand.

Demonstrate counting.

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 11 of 15

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

• Sways while balancing

• Uses arms to balance

• Hopping

• Puts foot down

One Leg Stand Test Clues

15-20

Test Interpretation

There are four specific clues of impairment for the One Leg Stand test

• Sways while balancing

• Uses arms to balance

• Hopping

• Puts foot down

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

Two or more clues indicates BAC above

0.08 (83% accurate)

One Leg Stand Test Criterion

15-21

• Test criterion is 2 or more.

• Test is 83% accurate.

• Based on the San Diego validation study

Participant Led Demonstration

Test Administration

Critique

D. Video Demonstrations (Second Showing) IF TIME PERMITS

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 12 of 15

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

• Demonstrate the ability to administer

properly the three SFSTs

Proficiency Examination

15-23

E. Proficiency Examination

Procedures

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

• Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

• Walk and Turn

• One Leg Stand

Administer Tests

15-24

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

Demonstrate ability to give proper verbal instructions.

Demonstrate ability to carry out the mechanics of testing for each clue.

Demonstrate ability to estimate a 45 degree angle.

Walk and Turn

Demonstrate ability to give proper verbal instructions.

Demonstrate ability to carry out appropriate physical demonstrations to support the

verbal instructions.

One Leg Stand

Demonstrate ability to give proper verbal instructions.

Demonstrate ability to carry out appropriate physical demonstrations to support the

verbal instructions.

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 13 of 15

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing 15-25

Group Assignments

Group Assignments

Conduct Examinations

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

Re-Examinations

15-26

Re-examinations (as necessary)

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations

DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing

QUESTIONS?

Session 15 # 15-27

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Notes:_______________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

HS 178 R5/13 14 of 15Source: DWI Detection and

Standardized Field

Sobriety Testing

March 2013 Edition

Law Enforcement Caselaw and Statutes

October 29, 2015

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing Involuntary jerking of the eyes, occurring as the eyes gaze to the side Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

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