October 29, 2015

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing Involuntary jerking of the eyes, occurring as the eyes gaze to the side Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus

Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Involuntary jerking of the eyes, occurring
as the eyes gaze to the side
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
Review
15-3
A. Review of Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
Involuntary jerking of the eyes, occurring as the eyes gaze to the side.
The subject is generally unaware of the nystagmus.
Nystagmus is caused by alcohol and/or other drugs and some medical conditions.
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Lack of smooth pursuit
Distinct and sustained nystagmus at
maximum deviation
Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees
Three Clues of
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
15-4
Three specific clues of Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus.
Look for these clues in each eye:
• Lack of smooth pursuit
• Distinct and sustained nystagmus at maximum deviation
• Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees
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HS 178 R5/13 3 of 15
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Lack of smooth pursuit
Clue Number 1
15-5
Clue No. 1: Lack of Smooth Pursuit
Position stimulus approximately 12 - 15 inches (30 - 38 cm) in front of subject's nose,
slightly above eye level.
Start with the left eye.
Move the stimulus smoothly all the way to the right side (checking subject's left eye)
then all the way to the left side (across subject's nose) to the left side (checking
subject's right eye).
Make at least two complete passes.
Observe eyes for signs of nystagmus as they move side to side.
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Distinct and sustained nystagmus
at maximum deviation
Clue Number 2
15-6
Clue No. 2: Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at Maximum Deviation
Move the stimulus to the right until the subject's left eye reaches maximum deviation.
Verify that no white is showing in the corner of the eye.
Hold the stimulus steady for a minimum of four seconds, and watch for distinct and
sustained nystagmus.
Repeat for right eye.
Check each eye twice for each clue.
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HS 178 R5/13 4 of 15
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees.
Clue Number 3
15-7
Clue No. 3: Onset of Nystagmus prior to 45 Degrees
Position stimulus approximately 12 - 15 inches (30 - 38 cm) in front of subject's nose,
slightly above eye level.
Begin to make a slow pass in front of the left eye.
When you see nystagmus, stop the stimulus.
Hold the stimulus steady and verify that the nystagmus continues.
Verify that there is still some white showing in the corner of the eye.
Check the alignment of the object with the subject's shoulder.
Repeat for right eye
Check each eye twice for each clue.
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HS 178 R5/13 5 of 15
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Eyeglasses
Verbal instructions
Feet together, hands at sides
Head still
Look at stimulus
Follow movement with eyes
Position stimulus(12-15 inches)(30-38 cm)
Pupil size and resting nystagmus
Equal tracking
Administrative Procedures
15-8
Nystagmus Administrative Procedures
Step 1: Check for Eyeglasses.
Step 2: Verbal Instructions.
• Feet together, hands at sides
• Head still
• Look at stimulus
• Follow movement with eyes
Step 3: Positioning the Stimulus.
Step 4: Pupil Size and Resting Nystagmus.
Step 5: Check for Equal Tracking.
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Check for Lack of Smooth Pursuit
Check for distinct and sustained
nystagmus at maximum deviation
Check for onset of nystagmus prior to 45
degrees
Total the clues
Check for Vertical Gaze Nystagmus
Administrative Procedures (Cont.)
15-9
Step 6: Check for Lack of Smooth Pursuit.
Step 7: Check for Distinct and Sustained Nystagmus at Maximum Deviation.
Step 8: Check for Onset of Nystagmus Prior to 45 Degrees.
Step 9: Total the clues.
Step 10: Check for Vertical Gaze Nystagmus.
Check each eye independently beginning with the subject’s left and compare.
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HS 178 R5/13 6 of 15
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
4 or more clues indicates BAC
above 0.08 (88% accurate).
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
Test Criterion
15-10
Test Interpretation
Maximum possible number of clues is 6.
Test criterion is 4 or more.
Test is 88% accurate.
Based on the San Diego validation study.
Participant Led Demonstration
Test Administration
Verbal Instructions
Initial positioning of stimulus.
Check for each clue.
Estimate a 45 degree angle.
Critique
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HS 178 R5/13 7 of 15
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Divided Attention
Mental Task and Physical Task
Instructions stage
Walking stage
Walk and Turn
15-11
B. Review Walk and Turn
Two Stage Test
• Instructions stage.
• Walking stage.
Instructions Stage Positioning
Place your right foot on the line ahead of the left foot, with the heel of your right foot
against the toe of the left foot, keeping the arms at the sides.
Maintain this position until I have completed the instructions. Do not start to walk until
told to do so.
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Verbal instructions:
• Assume heel toe stance
• Arms down at sides
• Don’t start until told
9 heel to toe steps turn, 9 heel to toe steps
Turn procedures:
• Turn around on line
• Several small steps
Administrative Procedures
15-12
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
While walking:
• Keep watching feet
• Arms down at sides
• Count steps out loud
• Don’t stop during walk
Administrative Procedures (Cont.)
15-13
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HS 178 R5/13 8 of 15
Walk and Turn Administrative Procedures
Initial verbal instructions (instructions stage).
Basic test requirements (nine steps, turn, nine steps).
Specific turn procedures (front foot on line, series of small steps with other foot).
Final verbal instructions.
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Cannot keep balance (feet break away
from the heel to toe stance)
Starts too soon (subject starts walking
before told to do so)
Stops while walking
Does not touch heel to toe
Walk and Turn Test Clues
15-14
There are eight possible clues for the Walk and Turn test:
• Cannot keep balance
• Starts too soon
• Stops while walking
• Does not touch heel to toe
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Steps off line
Uses arms to balance
Improper turn
Incorrect number of steps
Walk and Turn Test Clues (Cont.)
15-15
• Steps off line
• Uses arms to balance
• Improper turn
• Incorrect number of steps
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HS 178 R5/13 9 of 15
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
2 or more clues indicates BAC
above 0.08 (79% accurate).
Walk and Turn Test Criterion
15-16
Test Interpretation
Eight specific clues of impairment.
Test criterion is 2 or more.
Test is 79% accurate.
Based on the San Diego validation study.
Participant Led Demonstration
Test Administration
Critique
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Divided Attention Test
Mental Task and Physical Task
Instructions stage
Balance and counting stage
One Leg Stand
15-17
C. Review of One Leg Stand
Two Stage Test
Instructions stage.
Balance and Counting stage.
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HS 178 R5/13 10 of 15
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Instructions stage:
Stand straight, feet together
Keep arms at sides
Maintain position until told otherwise
Administrative Procedures
15-18
Stand with your feet together with your arms down at your sides.
Hold position until told to begin.
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Balance and counting stage:
Raise either leg
Keep raised foot approximately six
inches (15 cm) off ground, foot parallel to
the ground
Keep both legs straight and arms at your
side
Keep eyes on raised foot
Count out loud in the following manner:
“One thousand one, one thousand two,
one thousand three and so on”, until told
to stop
Administrative Procedures (Cont.)
15-19
Simple verbal instructions:
When I tell you to start, raise either leg with the foot approximately six inches off the
ground, keeping your raised foot parallel to the ground.
Keep both legs straight and your arms at your side.
Keep both legs straight and to look at elevated foot.
Count out loud in the following manner: “one thousand one, one thousand two, one
thousand three,” and so on until told to stop.
Simple physical demonstrations:
Demonstrate One Leg Stand.
Demonstrate counting.
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HS 178 R5/13 11 of 15
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Sways while balancing
Uses arms to balance
Hopping
Puts foot down
One Leg Stand Test Clues
15-20
Test Interpretation
There are four specific clues of impairment for the One Leg Stand test
• Sways while balancing
• Uses arms to balance
• Hopping
• Puts foot down
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Two or more clues indicates BAC above
0.08 (83% accurate)
One Leg Stand Test Criterion
15-21
• Test criterion is 2 or more.
• Test is 83% accurate.
• Based on the San Diego validation study
Participant Led Demonstration
Test Administration
Critique
D. Video Demonstrations (Second Showing) IF TIME PERMITS
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HS 178 R5/13 12 of 15
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Demonstrate the ability to administer
properly the three SFSTs
Proficiency Examination
15-23
E. Proficiency Examination
Procedures
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
Walk and Turn
One Leg Stand
Administer Tests
15-24
Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus
Demonstrate ability to give proper verbal instructions.
Demonstrate ability to carry out the mechanics of testing for each clue.
Demonstrate ability to estimate a 45 degree angle.
Walk and Turn
Demonstrate ability to give proper verbal instructions.
Demonstrate ability to carry out appropriate physical demonstrations to support the
verbal instructions.
One Leg Stand
Demonstrate ability to give proper verbal instructions.
Demonstrate ability to carry out appropriate physical demonstrations to support the
verbal instructions.
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HS 178 R5/13 13 of 15
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing 15-25
Group Assignments
Group Assignments
Conduct Examinations
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
Re-Examinations
15-26
Re-examinations (as necessary)
Session 15 - Review and Proficiency Examinations
DWI Detection and Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
QUESTIONS?
Session 15 # 15-27
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HS 178 R5/13 14 of 15Source: DWI Detection and
Standardized Field
Sobriety Testing
March 2013 Edition

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